Category: Ch 3 – Metals and Non-metals

Electronic Configuration Group 1 elements – Alkali metals Element Electronic Configuration  Lithium(Li) 2,1 Sodium(Na) 2,8,1 Potassium(K) 2,8,8,1 Rubidium(Rb) 2,8,18,8,1 Group 2 elements – Alkaline earth metals Element Electronic Configuration  Beryllium(Be) 2,2 Magnesium(Mg) 2,8,2 Calcium(Ca) 2,8,8,2 Stronium(Sr) 2,8,18,8,2 How Do Metals and Nonmetals React Metals lose valence electron(s) and form cations.Non-metals gain those electrons in their… Continue reading The Why Questions

Refining of metals – removing impurities or gangue from crude metal. It is the last step in metallurgy and is based on the difference between the properties of metal and the gangue. Electrolytic Refining Metals like copper, zinc, nickel, silver, tin, gold etc., are refined electrolytically.Anode: impure or crude metalCathode: a thin strip of pure metalElectrolyte: aqueous solution of metal… Continue reading Refining of Metals

Calcination is a process in which ore is heated in the absence of air or air might be supplied in limited quantity. Roasting involves heating of ore lower than its melting point in the presence of air or oxygen. Calcination involves thermal decomposition of carbonate ores. Smelting – it involves heating the roasted or calcined ore… Continue reading Extracting Metals in Middle of Reactivity Series

The base has a bitter taste and a slippery texture. A base dissolved in water is called an alkali. When chemically reacting with acids, such compounds produce salts. Bases are known to turn blue on red litmus paper. Base+metal → salt+hydrogen2NaOH(aq)+Zn(s) → Na2ZnO2(aq)+H2(g)2NaOH(aq)+2Al(s)+2H2O(l) → 2NaAlO2(aq)+2H2(g) Extraction of Metals and Non-Metals Applications of Displacement Reaction Uses… Continue reading Reaction of Metals with Bases

Converts sulphide ores into oxides on heating strongly in the presence of excess air.It also removes volatile impurities.2ZnS(s)+3O2(g)+Heat→2ZnO(s)+2SO2(g) Calcination Converts carbonate and hydrated ores into oxides on heating strongly in the presence of limited air. It also removes volatile impurities. ZnCO3(s)+heat→ZnO(s)+CO2(g)CaCO3(s)+heat→CaO(s)+CO2(g)Al2O3.2H2O(s)+heat→2Al2O3(s)+2H2O(l)2Fe2O3.3H2O(s)+heat→2Fe2O3(s)+3H2O(l) Reaction of Metals with Water or Steam Aluminium, iron, and zinc are metals that do… Continue reading Roasting and Others

The reactivity series of metals, also known as the activity series, refers to the arrangement of metals in the descending order of their reactivities. The below table illustrates the reactivity of metals from high order to low order. Symbol               Element K Potassium ( Highly Active Metal) Ba Barium… Continue reading Reactivity Series

Metal oxides are crystalline solids that contain a metal cation and an oxide anion. They typically react with water to form bases or with acids to form salts. MO + H2O → M(OH)2 (where M = group 2 metal) Thus, these compounds are often called basic oxides. Some metallic oxides get dissolved in water and form alkalis. Their… Continue reading Basic and Amphoteric Oxides of Metals

Chemical Properties of Metals ● Alkali metals (Li, Na, K, etc) react vigorously with water and oxygen or air.● Mg reacts with hot water.● Al, Fe and Zn react with steam.● Cu, Ag, Pt, Au do not react with water or dilute acids. Reaction of Metals with Oxygen (Burnt in Air) Metal oxide is formed… Continue reading Chemical Properties

Nonmetals are those elements which do not exhibit the properties of metals. Physical Properties of Non-metals Occur as solids, liquids and gases at room temperature Brittle Non-malleable Non-ductile Non-sonorous Bad conductors of heat and electricity Exceptions in Physical Properties Alkali metals (Na, K, Li) can be cut using a knife. Mercury is a liquid metal.… Continue reading Non-Metals

Any measurable property whose value describes a condition of a physical system is referred to as a physical property. A system’s physical properties can be utilised to characterise its transitions between brief states.  Observables are a term used to describe physical qualities.  Physical Properties of Metals ● Hard and have a high tensile strength – Carbon is the only non metal with very high tensile strength.● Solid at room temperature – One non-metal, bromine, is a liquid at room temperature. The other non-metals are solids at room temperature, including carbon and sulfur.● Sonorous – Metals produce a… Continue reading Physical Properties