Unsaturated solutions, on the other hand, are those that contain less solute than the maximum that can be dissolved. A saturated solution is one that contains the maximum quantity of solute that can be dissolved. The amount of a solute that dissolves in a solvent is known as its solubility. The majority of solutes become more soluble when the solvent’s temperature rises.
- Solubility is the property showing the ability of a given substance, which is the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.
- It is measured in terms of the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a solvent at equilibrium.
- The resulting solution is called a saturated solution.
- Factors Affecting Solubility:
- Temperature – Solubility increases with temperature. The situation is different for gases. With the increase in temperature, they became less soluble in each other and in water, but more soluble in organic solvents.
- Pressure – For the majority of solid and liquid solutes, pressure does not affect solubility. The solubility of gas is directly proportional to the pressure of this gas.
Types of solutions based on the concentration of the solution
There are 2 main types of solutions based on the definition. Dilute Solution is a solution that contains a little amount of solute. Concentrated Solution is a solution that contains a lot of solute.
- Three types of solutions exist based on the concentration of the solution:
Dilute
Concentrated
saturated solution.
Ways of representing the concentration of a solution
The concentration of a solution can be represented in many ways
(i) Mass by the mass percentage of a solution = (Mass of solute / Mass of solution) × 100
(ii) Mass by volume percentage of a solution = (Mass of solute/ volume of solution)×100
For example, if a solution of NaCl in water is said to be 10 % by volume that means a 100 ml solution will contain 10 ml NaCl.
Suspensions
Suspension and its properties
A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which the solute particles do not dissolve but remain suspended throughout the bulk of the medium.
- The solute particles settle down when a suspension is left undisturbed.
- They can be separated from the mixture by filtration.
- A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture.
- The size of solute particles in a suspension is quite large. It is larger than 100 mm in diameter.
- The particles of a suspension can be seen easily.
- The particles of a suspension do not pass through a filter paper. So a suspension can be separated by filtration.
Colloids
Types of mixtures based on particle size
Classified into:
- Solution
- Suspension.
- Colloidal solution.
Colloidal Solutions
A colloidal solution is a mixture in which the substances are regularly suspended in a fluid.
Properties of colloids and their variation are a well-known area ever since the primitive age. The best example to prove their familiarity with us is that we know from very early times that coagulation of milk results in the formation of curd.
- Classified into: Foam, Emulsion, Sol