Humans are best at understanding, reasoning, and interpreting knowledge. Human knows things, which is knowledge and as per their knowledge they perform various actions in the real world. But how machines do all these things comes under knowledge representation and reasoning. Hence we can describe Knowledge representation as following: Knowledge representation and reasoning (KR, KRR) is… Continue reading What is knowledge representation?
Month: April 2022
Knowledge-Based Agent in AI
An intelligent agent needs knowledge about the real world for taking decisions and reasoning to act efficiently. Knowledge-based agents are those agents who have the capability of maintaining an internal state of knowledge, reason over that knowledge, update their knowledge after observations and take actions. These agents can represent the world with some formal representation and act intelligently. Knowledge-based agents… Continue reading Knowledge-Based Agent in AI
Alpha-Beta Pruning
Alpha-beta pruning is a modified version of the minimax algorithm. It is an optimization technique for the minimax algorithm. As we have seen in the minimax search algorithm that the number of game states it has to examine are exponential in depth of the tree. Since we cannot eliminate the exponent, but we can cut… Continue reading Alpha-Beta Pruning
Mini-Max Algorithm in AI
Mini-max algorithm is a recursive or backtracking algorithm which is used in decision-making and game theory. It provides an optimal move for the player assuming that opponent is also playing optimally. Mini-Max algorithm uses recursion to search through the game-tree. Min-Max algorithm is mostly used for game playing in AI. Such as Chess, Checkers, tic-tac-toe,… Continue reading Mini-Max Algorithm in AI
Adversarial Search
Adversarial search is a search, where we examine the problem which arises when we try to plan ahead of the world and other agents are planning against us. In previous topics, we have studied the search strategies which are only associated with a single agent that aims to find the solution which often expressed in… Continue reading Adversarial Search
Means-Ends Analysis in AI
We have studied the strategies which can reason either in forward or backward, but a mixture of the two directions is appropriate for solving a complex and large problem. Such a mixed strategy, make it possible that first to solve the major part of a problem and then go back and solve the small problems… Continue reading Means-Ends Analysis in AI
Hill Climbing Algorithm in AI
Hill climbing algorithm is a local search algorithm which continuously moves in the direction of increasing elevation/value to find the peak of the mountain or best solution to the problem. It terminates when it reaches a peak value where no neighbor has a higher value. Hill climbing algorithm is a technique which is used for… Continue reading Hill Climbing Algorithm in AI
Informed Search Algorithms
So far we have talked about the uninformed search algorithms which looked through search space for all possible solutions of the problem without having any additional knowledge about search space. But informed search algorithm contains an array of knowledge such as how far we are from the goal, path cost, how to reach to goal… Continue reading Informed Search Algorithms
Uninformed Search Algorithms
Uninformed search is a class of general-purpose search algorithms which operates in brute force-way. Uninformed search algorithms do not have additional information about state or search space other than how to traverse the tree, so it is also called blind search. Following are the various types of uninformed search algorithms: Breadth-first Search Depth-first Search Depth-limited… Continue reading Uninformed Search Algorithms
Search Algorithms in AI
Search algorithms are one of the most important areas of Artificial Intelligence. This topic will explain all about the search algorithms in AI. Problem-solving agents: In Artificial Intelligence, Search techniques are universal problem-solving methods. Rational agents or Problem-solving agents in AI mostly used these search strategies or algorithms to solve a specific problem and provide the best result. Problem-solving… Continue reading Search Algorithms in AI